Cnt 4004 Computer Networks Assignment Answers

Why will 4G wireless networks bring about significant changes in connectivity.

The Difference between Leadership and Management

What is management?

Introduction

Report is about Management information and computer networking. Report will explain Network models and Switching. Chapter of Network models will explain Protocol layering, TCP/IP Protocol suit and OSI model. Chapter of Switching will explain Circuit-switched network, Packet-Switching and Structure of a switch. Besides this, report will also answer why will 4G wireless networks bring about significant changes in connectivity? With this difference between Leadership and Management is also explained in the report and management is also explained separately.

Network models- Summary

Sender, receiver and other intermediaries have to follow all the rules and regulation describe by the Protocol for effective communication. At the time of simple communication, we just need simple protocol but protocol layering is used at the time of complex communication. Principals of protocol layering, first principal explains that to perform opposite tasks we have to make different levels in all the direction for bilateral communication and second principal that should be followed is objects at each layer of both the edges should be same in protocol layering. After studying both the principals it can be said that there is a reasonable connection in each of the layers. It shows that there is layer-to-layer communication and the sender and receiver can also imagine that there is reasonable connection at all the levels and will help them to send their messages to each other (Forouzan, 2007).

TCP/IP protocol suite is one of the example to protocol layering and different layers that are involved in this are Hardware Devices, Network Interface, Internet, Transport and Application. Communication among the two objects in that these suits are involve. Communication between two objects takes place with the help of switch and router. Router is the one that connects one switch with another switch. Logical connections between the two host shows that the message send by the Source host to the destination host goes through the link 1 i.e. LAN to link 2 i.e. LAN and then reaches to its destination host. Both the LAN’s are connected with the Router. Identical objects are also involved in the TCP/IP protocol suits. Encapsulation and decapsulation is the concept involved in the Protocol layering. Procedure of opening the data which is encapsulated is known as Decapsulation (Forouzan. 2013).

Addressing is another concept of Protocol layering. It explains that parties that are involved in the communication require two addresses known as address of source and address of destination. Physical layer do not need address as the data exchange at this layer is a bit. Multiplexing and Demultiplexing are the protocols used at some layers by TCP/IP protocol suits at source and destination. Multiplexing means a packet can be encapsulated by a protocol from other advanced layer protocols. Demultiplexing means a protocol can deliver packet and decapsulate to other layers of protocols. OSI model involve seven layers such as Physical, Data link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation and Application. Presentation and Session are the two layers that were not included in TCP/IP protocol suite and three layers combination in OSI model is application layer in suite.

Switching- Summary

Switching is used to connect multiple devices to make communication possible. Message switching, Packet switching and Circuit switching are the methods of switching. Circuit switching and Packet switching are used commonly. Datagram and Virtual-circuit approach are the two subdivisions of Packet switching. Switching can be placed at the TCP/IP protocol suit’s layer. Physical links connected by sets of switches is known as Circuit-switched network. Dedicated path connects two stations. FDM is used to divide each link. Trivial circuit-switched and circuit-switched network are explained in the chapter with example. For communication three phases are essential in circuit-switched network: Connection teardown, Data transfer and Connection setup. Message is divided into fixed packets if it is going through packet-switched network. All the packets are treated individually. Packets are known as datagrams. Virtual-circuit network involve characteristics of Datagram and circuit-switched network. Switches are used in both packet-switched and circuit-switched network. Time-division and space-division switch are the technologies used in circuit switching. Circuit-switched and packet-switched network use switch of different structure. Components of packet switch are; Switching fabric, input ports, routing processor and output ports (Forouzan, 2006).

Why will 4G wireless networks bring about significant changes in connectivity?

• Data packets of internet protocol are conveyed by data network and permits huge data to move with the network.
• Possibility of 4G network is around 31 miles lower the optimal limitations.
• Hand off is removed by 4G network without any disturbance.
• 4G network is proficient to transfer more description, digital TV for best tools.
• It contain portable virtual games, improved GDS and telemedicine.
• Time can be saved with wireless 4G network.
• At some place and time it can beneficial.
• Evolution and testing is needed and high data rates are offered by 4G network.
• Mobile communication is exclusive in this with less cost.
• It is very cooperative.
• Stable and complete networks are maintained by them (Domyhw. 2016).

Difference between Leadership and Management

Leadership means ability of a person to lead a group of people or an organization and management is the process of getting things done through others for achieving organizational objectives.

• Vision is formed by Leaders and Goals are formed by Managers (Key differences. 2015).
• Managers copy and behave according to their learning but leaders have their own unique and leadership style.
• Manager’s focus on short-term objectives and leaders focus on long term objectives.
• Processes and systems are formed by managers and relations are maintained by leaders.
• Risk is taken by leaders and controlled by managers (Arruda, 2016).

Management

Management is the process of getting things done through others with the aim of achieving organizational goals and objectives. Management involve different resources such as: financial resources, natural resources, human resources and technological resources (Management innovations. 2008). Management also involve different styles such as: Servant management, Team management and Traditional management. Function of management are Planning, Organizing, Staffing, directing, Controlling and Motivation (Lumen. (2017).

Conclusion

In the conclusion it can be said that protocols should be followed by sender and receiver of messages for effective communication. Different protocols are explained above in the summary of Network models and Switching. Benefits of 4G networks are also explained above. With this difference between leadership and management is also discussed above.

References

Arruda, W. (2016). 9 Differences between Being A Leader And A Manager. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamarruda/2016/11/15/9-differences-between-being-a-leader-and-a-manager/#5d5d6d744609

Domyhw. (2016). Why will 4G wireless networks bring about significant changes in connectivity? Retrieved from: https://domyhw.xyz/index.php/103/wireless-networks-about-significant-changes-connectivity

Forouzan, A. B. (2006). Data Communications & Networking. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

Forouzan, B. A. (2007). Data Communications and Networking. Huga Media.

Forouzan. (2013). Data Communication and networking. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

Key differences. (2015). Difference between leadership and management. Retrieved from: https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-leadership-and-management.html

Lumen. (2017). An Introduction to Management. Retrieved from: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-business/chapter/an-introduction-to-management/

Management innovations. (2008). Define management and its functions. Retrieved from: https://managementinnovations.wordpress.com/2008/12/03/define-management-its-functions/