Pubh6002 Issues Environmental Global And Assessment Answer

1.Understand the concept of environmental factors influencing health, and the relevance to public health from the global to the local levels.

2.Understand the way in which globalisation and the social, economic and political determinants of health influence disease, including identification of vulnerable groups.

3.Understand the concept of sustainable development

4.Identify and critique ethical elements relevant to environmental health protections, policies, and industrynpractices, from global to local scale.

5.Critically analyse the relationships between environmental risk factors and social, economic and political determinants of illness and injury from global to local scale.

 

Introduction

Haddon matrix is an epidemiological tool used as a framework in many fields such as death investigation, sudden accidents and fatal injuries that can affect the normal life of a person. The Haddon matrix is an important procedural tool that explains the overall outlook of an event that occurred. It explores the risk factors that could have contributed to the incident. The structure of the matrix consists of the pre-event, main event and post-event occasions. It analyses the personal conditions and information before the events and also after the incident. It explains the equipment and the environment that surrounded the involved after, during and after the event (Khanzode, Maiti & Ray, 2012).

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The Haddon matrix tool can be applied in such a given scenario where the 20 years old female was hospitalized due to a tragic road accident. The female driver attended the celebration where she consumed a lot of alcohol the whole evening. The alcohol she consumed was too much for her to drive. After the celebration was over the female driver had to go home before the midnight. As she was driving she forgot to fasten her seatbelt. Excessive consumption of alcohol contributed for forgetting such a crucial tool ‘seatbelt' while driving. In addition, she had forgotten that one should not take excess alcoholic beverages and still drive (Kohl 3rd et al, 2012).

Main event

Some of the major risk aspects that could have contributed to the accident is the environment in which there was darkness as the road was unlit and the social behavior reflected by the drunkenness of the driver. The vehicle involved was unroadworthy, which was an old model type. The brake pads of the car were worn out but because of the influence of the alcohol she had taken, it was not easy for her to recognize the issue. The driver did not sufficiently slow the car down before taking round the curve in the road. The car rolled over several times and the female driver drifted (Goniewic, Pawlowski & Fiedor, 2016).

Post-event

Unfortunately, the car did not contain the emergency airbags and this result in serious injuries to the female driver. The driver was discovered after a short while and she was taken to the hospital. The driver fell into a coma as she was hospitalized. Some of the factors to consider during treatment interventions include the lack fastening the safety belt, worn out brake pads of the car, the drunkenness of the driver and the way the car rolled. The above factors can lead to an efficient healthcare to be imposed on the patient such as chest x- rays, and scanning.

Features that facilitate health risks

The social features that have influenced and created health risks to the livers of Lisa and her mother Susan include the extended family alienation, lack of education and the woman role as a mother. Susan's family conflict led to the separation from her husband and this made her family to abandon her for leaving her husband after she went to town. Life is not that easy for her in the city because even making new friends in the city was all in vain as they also discriminated against her. Getting a well well-paying job is difficult as she did not complete her high school studies. Susan really struggles hard to pay for her food, school fees for Lisa and also for the rent. Susan is unable to look after her child due to the tiresome jobs that she does because of the late hours and tiredness (Williams, Sawyer & Wahlstrom, 2012). The jobs she engages in are not as healthy as she works with 2 cleaning companies.

Lack of education has hardened Susan's economic life in the city for it has limited her employment opportunities. She engages herself into straining and underpaying jobs that are fit for both her health and her daughter's life. The physical environment of the apartment where Susan stays around the highway and near the industries has imposed dangers to her child and also her daughter's life. The environment around her apartment which is experiencing much pollution from harmful gases from the industries and also from unroadworthy vehicles led to the cause of her child's asthma development (Yanchar, Warda & Fuselli, 2012). Susan also experiences frequent headaches but she tolerated all that because of her abusive husband. The job environment was unfavorable to Susan for as a cleaner she had to work at late hours.

Recommendations

It is the responsibility of the government to ensure a good working environment and maintain the health of the residential areas for its people. There is a government policy that protects the people's health by prevention them from exposure to a harmful environment like such air pollution and closeness to toxic sites. There are many social and physical environment that have affected Susan's life in town. Susan's community has to play role in curbing her problems by solving the conflict that arose between her and her husband. The community has failed and there is the need for mass education to reveal to the members on the importance of education (Carroll-Scott et al, 2013).

The community should learn the importance of educating young children especially girls because if Susan was fully educated life could be a bit easier for her in the city. The community represented by Susan's family has to be taught on the matters concerning children education so as to the perspective towards the girl child and value their decisions not to be abused. The most helpful role that a school can play to intervene in such cases like in Susan's is through offering sponsorship to the poor children and acting as the role model to the community in encouraging education to the young.

Reference

Carroll-Scott, A., Gilstad-Hayden, K., Rosenthal, L., Peters, S. M., McCaslin, C., Joyce, R., & Ickovics, J. R. (2013). Disentangling neighborhood contextual associations with child body mass index, diet, and physical activity: the role of built, socioeconomic, and social environments. Social Science & Medicine, 95, 106-114.

Williams, B. K., Sawyer, S. C., & Wahlstrom, C. (2012). Marriages, families, and intimate relationships. Pearson Education.

Yanchar, N. L., Warda, L. J., & Fuselli, P. (2012). Child and youth injury prevention: A public health approach. Paediatrics & child health, 17(9), 511-511.

Goniewicz, K., Goniewic. z, M., Paw?owski, W., & Fiedor, P. (2016). Road accident rates: strategies and programmes for improving road traffic safety. European journal of trauma and emergency surgery, 42(4), 433-438.

Khanzode, V. V., Maiti, J., & Ray, P. K. (2012). Occupational injury and accident research: A comprehensive.

Kohl 3rd, H. W., Craig, C. L., Lambert, E. V., Inoue, S., Alkandari, J. R., Leetongin, G., ... & Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. (2012). The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. The Lancet, 380(9838review), 294-305. Safety Science, 50(5), 1355-1367.