Research Methodology: Types Answers | Assessment Answer
Answer:
Introduction:
The process of collecting data and information to make any decisions in a business is called research methodology. The methodology includes interviews, research techniques, publication research and may include past and present information. In research methodology the researchers tries to find the pre-mentioned questions methodically and try to solve the questions with a proper conclusion. This methodology helps a researcher to find a result for a problem. The researchers can resolve the problems faced by using the correct method of research.
Types of Research Methodology:
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There are four types of research methodology. They are –
I. Quantitative Research:
Quantitative research is usually associated with positivist or post-positivist theory. This generally involves converting and data collecting in mathematical form in order to calculate statistically and with a proper conclusion. (Mackey et al. 2013).
II. Qualitative Research:
Qualitative research is generally related with the collective constructivist theory, which focuses on the collectively assembled nature of realism. It refers to analysing, recording, and attempting human experience and behaviour in order to expose the significance and meaning more deeply. It also includes opposing behaviours, emotions and beliefs. Researchers are concerned in acquiring a rich and complex understanding of experience people and are not concerned in acquiring information, which can be comprehensive to other big groups (Flick, 2015).
III. Regression Analysis or Correlation Analysis:
Regression Analysis is a method that involves finding the power of relationship between either two variables or more two variables like- are aggressive video games related with violence in children (Marshall et al. 2014)
IV. Meta Analysis:
Meta Analysis is a research method use to determine the average roles of numerous diverse studies on a theory (Gelman et al. 2014)
Specific qualitative approaches:
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Phenomenology | ||||
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Purpose |
examines a individual's lived condition individually each person have his or her own reality; the reality is personal | |||
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Methods |
No steps are defined clearly to avoid restraining creativity of the researcher Examples & collecting data • Person who have the ability to understand the study & are eager to state their inner experiences & feelings • Explains practical knowledge of incident • Write the practical knowledge of the incident • Directly observe • Videos or Audios tape (Corbin & Strauss, 2014) | |||
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Data Analysis |
Categorize & rank the data Entirety sensed Clarify experiences clear of human consciousness or cannot be written. | |||
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Outcomes |
Determining the description from subject's view point-to-point Identifying themes Description of the analysis is developed structurally. | |||
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Grounded theory |
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Purpose |
Use in finding what exact problems exist in the social scene and how persons handle them Includes formulation, testing and re-development of schemes until a theory is developed |
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Method |
Collecting data – record, interview, observation, review or combination |
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Data Analysis |
Forming thought Developing thought - reduction; selective example of literature; discriminatory example of subjects; appearance of the interior concepts integration and alteration concept (Silverman, 2013) |
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Outcomes |
Theory explains with examples from the data |
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Ethnography
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Purpose |
Describes cultural features |
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Method |
Determine background, the variables to study and literature review Collecting data - expand entry to the culture; submerge self in the culture; obtain informers; collect data by the direct observation and interface with the subjects (Ritchie et al. 2013) |
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Data Analysis |
Explains the features of the culture |
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Outcomes |
Explains culture |
Historical
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Purpose |
Explains and observes the historic events in order to appreciate the present and expect possible upcoming property |
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Method |
Prepare the ideas - select topic after reading the associated literature Expand the research questions Enlarge an record of the sources – private, papers, archives and libraries, Explain validity and reliability of the data – authenticity, primary sources and biases Expand study sketch to classify analytical process Collection of the data (Maxwell, 2012) |
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Data Analysis |
separation of the data; accept and decline data; reconcile conflicting evidence |
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Outcomes |
select way of appearance – chronology, issue paper and biography |
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Case Study | |
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Purpose |
Explain experience of family, person, community, group, or institution deeply |
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Method |
Direct analysing and interface with subject (Pickard, 2012) |
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Data Analysis |
Combination of experience |
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Outcomes |
Briefly explanation of experience |
Types of Data Collection:
The types of data collection used in different qualitative research are -
Interview with audio and video tape
Direct or non-participant analysis
Participant analysis
Field journals, notes and logs
Conclusion:
Highlighting on the different models of qualitative research it can be conclude that qualitative researches have many advantages like – the issues are explained more deeply and in detail, the interviews are not limited to exact questions and researcher can redirected in the real time, the research structure and way can be revised quickly as fresh information rises. In qualitative research, the data on the experience of human, this is obtained by influential and more forceful sometimes than the quantitative data, the difficulties and refinements about the subjects are exposed which are overlooked by added positivistic study often
Reference:
Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2013). Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge.
Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage.
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research. Sage publications.
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications.
tRitchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., & Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage.
Silverman, D. (2013). Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook. SAGE Publications Limited.
Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach: An interactive approach. Sage.
Pickard, A. (2012). Research methods in information. Facet publishing.
Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., & Rubin, D. B. (2014). Bayesian data analysis (Vol. 2). London: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
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