Tlc3000 Paris From Then To Assessment Answer

Paris well established in arts, holds many museums and architectural landmarks among them the famous Louvre art museum which hosts over 7.4 million visitors by 2016 making it the most visited art museum globally. More to that, there is  Musee  from Orsay that holds some of the most famous contemporary art in Europe as well as the Musee in Orangerie. Another contempolary art museum holding impressionist art is the Pompidou Centre Musee’ National d’Art Moderne. The city of lights holds the UNESCO Heritage Site which is a static district along Seine amongst other landmarks that include Cathedral of Notre Dame, Sainte-Chapelle Gothic Royal Chapel which are located at Ile de la cite and Eiffel tower, Vhamps-ElyseesArc de Triomphe and Montmarte Basilica of Sacre – Coeur. With all these famous landmarks constructed in late 1880s, Paris has become the most visited tourist destination by 2017 (INSEE, 2016).

More to just economic development in terms of tourism and transport, Paris also holds high ranks in the world of sports. It hosts Paris Saint-German and rugby union Stde. The Stde was built to host the 1998 FIFA World cup, situated north of Paris and neighboring Sainte-Denis commune. It has hosted more sport activities like the French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament held in  Roland Garraos red clay annually. The city has hosted Olympics Games back in 1900 and in 1924. It will host the 2024 Summer Olympics as well. The FIFA World Cups were hosted in 1938 and 1998 together with UEFA European Championships in 1960, 1984 and 2016. The 2007 Rugby World Cups were also hosted in Paris. More to that, Tour de France bicycle race is also always held in France during the July period (INSEE, 2018). 

Overtime, the city has grown from its previous fame of being the city of lights to being the city of love as many describe it, Paris grew remarkably due to the efforts of the predeceasing leaders who not only gave the city its name but made strategic moves to have the city grow into a hub for many social and economic activities, through which it is recognized for now. Its deep routes into culture saw the Parissi tribe name the city Paris. Under the Parisii, the city gained its own coin which has grown to be one of the strongest currencies in Europe and all over the world. The Roman empire also helped the city in enhancing its strong cultural and religious routes that has seen the city's economy improve in terms of being a historical monument of rich history. Lutetia of the Parisii is credited for the famous Gallo-Roman town that grew to become a prosperous city hosting temples, forums, bath, theatres and amphitheaters (PARIS-CITY.FR, 2008).

The city of Paris would manage to outgrow the roman rule and become a capital city for the Merovingian dynasty’s first king Clovis the Frank.  Frankish would dominate Gaul and move to Paris. The Siege of Paris that happened in 885-886 B c saw protection of the bridges and with that, Hugh Capet the Count of Paris and Franks Duke become elected as the King of Franks and this would see Paris grow larger in size and becoming the most prosperous city in France (PARIS-CITY.FR, 2008).

In late 12^th century, Paris would grow to become France’ economic, religious, political and cultural capital city.   (Conseil d'Etat, 2013). Augustus Phillip extended the Louvre fortress so act as a defense wall for the city against invasions and more to that, he also converted the Paris cathedral school to a student-teacher corporation college later to become the University of Paris.  Education grew from the 12th century till date and this has influenced the economic growth and direction of the city. There is still a large untouched hub of talent that lies within the education sector with many students graduating from many universities in France and the city of Paris from all over the world.  However, even with a huge amount of untapped skills that busts from the city every year, there is still high unemployment rates in the city and the country at large that can only be compared to Spain and Italy's unemployment crisis.   (Conseil d'Etat, 2013) (Elysee, 2013).

More to just that, in the 18^th and 19^th century, there was a lot of migrants brought into the country thanks to the colonial domains that France would have in the African countries. Overtime, their population would grow larger by the years and increase the rate of low income earners and unemployed population in the city especially the Champ-Elysees and also stretching out into the outskirts of the city (Presses Universitaires de France, 2013).

why has the rate of unemployment intensified from the late 18^th and 19^th century to recent times?

The Parisian lifestyle has long been a desire for many as the research by Organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) owing to the fluidity in equality experienced in the town as well as its ability to bounce back without suffering to much economic harm alongside the country during the global crisis. However, the economic crisis did hit into the market and this resulted to high unemployment rates due to the lack of economic growth to hit back at the recession that faced the city in recent times. Though its economic performance is way better than that of many cities globally, it's still took a plunge due to various reasons among them being the increasing rate of unemployment. In France alone, the rate of unemployed people totaled to about three million people which was twice that of Germany. Being the second highest GDP country among the G7, it is still a huge disappointment that its rate of unemployment would compare to that of Spain and Italy especially among the younger generation. (ABC, 2017). 

The qualification for jobs is still remarkably high but the opportunities for practice are low. More to that, the countries annual deficit and accumulated debt are remarkably high which affects the economy of the country and trickles down to the cities at the heart, Paris despite the country's borrowing rates being quite low. The economic growth in the city is also quite low as most people still live standard lives which widens the gap between the rich and middle earners. This is due to the slow growth experienced in the country as a general. It has made some effort to pick itself up even though it still struggles to pick itself up due to the low labor market that limits innovation and creativity and thus limiting ideas as the young workers are limited in time of working whereas the elderly workers in the companies enjoy longer working periods and higher pays and job security. This case is referred to as the dual labor market.

The issue can only be resolved through shortening the work period for those that have worked in the companies for long and employing more younger talent. However, the strict legislation of dismissal for open-ended and even more so temporary contracts. The residents contribute hefty sums in terms of social security contributions and welfare that hot hard on middle and low-income workers that result to many opting for unemployment in order to not comply to the hefty government obligations.

With higher involvement of the public sector, there is more burden placed into taxation as there is less demand for services and goods. The lack of openness to change of policies in order to open up the labor market has crippled the economy in Paris as in many cities in France. The country and the cities need to be able to control is main economic pillars in order to grow economically. Considerations of taxations and maneuvering of governmental spending to initiate demand of goods and services needs to happen. However, they need to be conducted in moderation in order to avoid damaging the economy and leading to more borrowing that could destabilize the financial status of the city as well as the country (INSEE, 2018).

Because of its beauty many film makers take to the city to film romantic films as well as thrillers. Photographers also find the city fascinating in terms of vintage structures as well as nature. The city also boasts if over forty thousand hotels most of which host more than a hundred local cuisines and more than a hundred thousand brands of French wines. It exports to other parts of the world. Significantly, the French people also make the city of Paris a dream, the authenticity of their French accent and the stature and originality of fashion makes them a tourist fascination. The French way has been adopted by many people who chose France and mostly Paris as a city of residence. Their lifestyle has been described as the Paris syndrome the city prides itself to host some of the best fragrance designers in the world as well as the world of beauty like makeup. The French ladies are famous for the red lipstick and the deep dark eyebrows with laced garments making them the sexiest ladies in the world. The outbreak of counterfeit products bearing the same logos and being distributed in the black market all over the world and in online markets affects authenticity of ideas and creativity as well as return on investments and gain of products for cosmetic and beauty industries. This has seen many companies get sold out and some collapse leading to much more high unemployment rates and even threatens future employment.   (Conseil d'Etat, 2013).

With over two major spots for tourist attractions, Paris still gets more than one hundred thousand tourist annually as foreign tourist for activities and events such as fashion week, vacation, and tourism around the famous towns in the city. City is grand and has some of the most charming streets in the world with as many lights as one can think off like the famous tower of Paris. It might have started as a fort for war in the past years but it became a love corner for many locals and tourist around the world. In the UNESCO heritage it preserves many of its skylines and thus buildings above six stories aren't allowed to be constructed. This preserves the beauty of the older buildings in the city. It also allows the tourists to be able to admire the structures from air and on ground as well (INSEE, 2016).

This fact however affects the recent boom of infrastructure development from articulated architectural high-rise building to complex roads and bridges that pull in investors into the city and country as well. This leads to less interest in the city and development of the city as well and thus contributes largely into the lack of employment of skills and labor for the city (Le Monde, 2015). (LaChaude, 2006)

Conclusion

Paris grew from visions of its previous rulers and it gets to enjoy that growly from then till now and with growth of population and being the hub of many vast businesses, there will be more growth experienced in the future. This makes Paris an attractive city for both investors and also tourist would want to dive into the cultural growth of the city of lights. However, the lack of growth into today's version of growth in the infrastructure sector and improvement of policies to favor a new era of skills and talents which contribute to new ideas and new innovation, the city faces a risk of economic collapse in the near future with repercussions being seen in its high rate of unemployment. There is therefore need to go back into the drawing board and look intensively into the present policies in order to preserve old talent but incorporate new talent and protect products and services from being pulled out of the market for the city to grow.  

References

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